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梵蒂岡邮政在2019年发行《最后的审判》新邮三枚。
《最后的审判》（意大利語：Il Giudizio Universale）是意大利文艺复兴盛期画家和雕塑家米开朗基罗於1534年至1541年為西斯廷小教堂繪製的一幅巨型祭壇畫。
《最后的审判》尺度巨大，佔满了西斯廷小教堂祭台后方的整面墙壁，描繪有400多個人物。他們是以現實和歷史中的人物為模特兒的，因此這與其說是《聖經》傳說中的末日審判，不如說是畫家依據的善惡觀對現實世界中人物的評判。
畫面大致可分為四個階層，最上層是天國的天使，畫面中央是耶穌基督，下層是受裁決的人群，最底層是地獄。 畫面构图是這樣安排的：上方與天頂畫相接處兩個半圓形畫面是一些無翼天使，他們正簇擁著基督受難時的十字架等物，左面一組抱的是十字架，右面一組抱的是恥辱柱。耶穌下方八個吹號角的天使正在喚醒死者宣示審判開始。畫面正中央雲端閃電中站著身軀高大、神態威嚴的救世主基督，他正舉起有力的右臂，表示審判開始。耶稣十二門徒和聖母瑪麗亞環繞在旁邊，聖母瑪麗亞畏縮地抓緊頭巾和衣衫，屈身在兒子的右肋之下。左邊是基督的門徒和殉道的聖者們；耶穌右腳下方左手扛著小梯子是聖勞倫斯（St. Lawrence）。事實上那個不是梯子而是烤肉架，因為他是基督教早期的殉道者，被放在烤肉架上活活烤死；還有一個體格壯實的老人，被認爲是聖保罗。右下方雲端是使徒聖巴多羅買（Bartholomew），手中拿著一張殉道時所被割下之人皮，這張皮畫的正是米開朗基羅自己，這是米開朗基羅的簽名或理解為對於信仰的態度。
《最后的审判》由於長年受蠟燭燈熏染及氧化侵蝕畫面損壞嚴重，1981年至1994年由日本電視臺支援進行了大規模修復工作。還原了繪製當時的鮮艷色彩，還原了作品本來面目。(zh.Wikipedia.org/最后的审判(壁画)
The mighty composition, painted by Michelangelo between 1536 and 1541, is centred around the dominant figure of Christ, captured in the moment preceding that when the verdict of the Last Judgement is uttered (Matthew 25: 31-46). His calm imperious gesture seems to both command attention and placate the surrounding agitation. It starts a wide slow rotary movement in which all the figures are involved. Excluded are the two upper lunettes with groups of angels bearing in flight the symbols of the Passion (on the left the Cross, the nails and the crown of thorns; on the right the column of the scourging, the stairs and the spear with the sponge soaked in vinegar). Next to Christ is the Virgin, who turns her head in a gesture of resignation: in fact she can no longer intervene in the decision, but only await the result of the Judgement. The Saints and the Elect, arranged around Christ and the Virgin, also anxiously await the verdict. Some of them can be easily recognized: St Peter with the two keys, St Laurence with the gridiron, St Bartholomew with his own skin which is usually recognized as being a self-portrait of Michelangelo, St Catherine of Alexandria with the cogwheel and St Sebastian kneeling holding the arrows. In the centre of the lower section are the angels of the Apocalypse who are wakening the dead to the sound of long trumpets. On the left the risen recover their bodies as they ascend towards heaven (Resurrection of the flesh), on the right angels and devils fight over making the damned fall down to hell. Finally, at the bottom Charon with his oars, together with his devils, makes the damned get out of his boat to lead them before the infernal judge Minos, whose body is wrapped in the coils of the serpent. The reference in this part to the Inferno of Dante Alighieri's Divina Commedia is clear. As well as praise, the Last Judgement also caused violent reactions among the contemporaries. For example the Master of Ceremonies Biagio da Cesena said that "it was most dishonest in such an honoured place to have painted so many nude figures who so dishonestly show their shame and that it was not a work for a Chapel of the Pope but for stoves and taverns" (G. Vasari, Le Vite). The controversies, that continued for years, led in 1564 to the decision by the Congregation of the Council of Trent to have some of the figures of the Judgement that were considered "obscene" covered. The task of painting the covering drapery, the so-called "braghe" (pants) was given to Daniele da Volterra, since then known as the "braghettone". Daniele's "braghe" were only the first and in fact others were added in the following centuries. (museivaticani.va) |
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发表于 2021-3-12 20:52
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