拜伦勋爵（Lord Byron）

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乔治•戈登•拜伦，第六代拜倫男爵（George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron，1788年1月22日英國倫敦－1824年4月19日希臘），英国诗人、作家，浪漫主义文學泰斗。世襲男爵，人稱「拜倫勳爵」（Lord Byron）。他熱愛自由，除了支持英國的民主改革外，十分同情希臘的獨立運動，1823年他號召一支義勇軍，前往希臘支援作戰，不幸於1824年因瘧疾死於希臘。(http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/乔治•戈登•拜伦)

陈明宇

好片！

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Lord Byron's Oath on the Tomb of Marcos Botsaris by Ludovico Lipparini in the National Historical Museum of Athens
自从拜占庭帝国灭亡后，希腊就长期处在奥斯曼土耳其帝国的统治下。1821年3月，希腊各地爆发暴乱。随后，以伯罗奔尼撒半岛为中心的区域被起义军所控制。奥斯曼帝国对此展开了全力的镇压。战争进行于1821年到1829年期间。最终以希腊实现完全独立而告终。(http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/希腊独立战争)
Messolonghi 迈索隆吉翁 (Greek: Μεσολόγγι, Mesolóngi, older forms Mesolongi, Misolonghi, Mesolongion) revolted against the Turks on May 20, 1821 and was a major stronghold of the Greek rebels in the Greek War of Independence. Its inhabitants successfully resisted a siege by Ottoman forces in 1822. The famous British poet and philhellene Lord Byron, who supported the Greek struggle for independence, died in Messolonghi in 1824. He is commemorated by a cenotaph containing his heart and a statue located in the town. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messolonghi)
Markos Botsaris (Greek: Μάρκος Μπότσαρης, Albanian: Marko Boçari; c. 1788 - 21 August 1823) was a leader of the Souliotes and a hero of the War of Greek Independence. On the outbreak of the Greek revolt, he distinguished himself by his courage, tenacity and skill as a partisan leader in the fighting in western Greece, and was conspicuous in the defence of Missolonghi during the first siege (1822-1823). On the night of 21 August 1823 he led the celebrated attack at Karpenisi of 350 Souliots on around 1000 Ottomans who formed the vanguard of the army with which Mustai Pasha was advancing to reinforce the besiegers. Botsaris managed to take Mustai Pasha as a prisoner during the raid but he was shot in the head while leaving the encampment. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markos_Botsaris)
在独立战争英雄坟茔前拜伦承诺致力于希腊独立运动

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1824年 1月5日，拜伦抵迈索隆吉翁，受到万人空巷的盛大欢迎。
1月22日，作最后一首诗《这天我满三十六岁》。
后来，他被希腊独立政府任命为希腊独立军一个方面军的总司令。
在迈索隆吉翁的三个多月时间里，致力于独立军的组织建设，统一军队指挥，整顿部队纪律，雇请外国军官训练士兵，招募来自各苏里士兵，自费支付其军饷，主持军械的修配和存储工作。在经济上，致力于筹措战费，购置军火和各种军需品，并捐献自己的财产，作为独立军的医药和军需费用。每天和士兵同吃一样的伙食，和士兵一道参加军事训练。 (http://baike.baidu.com/view/8388.htm)

1924年4月19日，拜伦去世100年迈索隆吉翁邮戳

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Their faces were not made for wrinkles, their pure blood to stagnate, their great hearts to fail;
The blank grey was not made to blast their hair, but like the climes that know nor snow nor hail,
They were all summer: lightning might assail and shiver them to ashes,
but to trail a long and snake-like life of dull decay was not for them -- they had too little day.
请参考 拜伦《唐•璜》查良铮 译

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拜伦 DON JUAN《唐·璜》Canto The Fourth 第四章第九节  查良铮 译 稍作修改
他们的容颜不是为皱纹而生的，他们那蓬勃的心和纯洁的血液不容凝滞，头上也不容白发，
他们像【永恒】的夏季，不知有冰雪；【宁可让】闪电把他们烧成灰吧，
然而，若要拖着漫长纡迴的岁月腐蚀这一生：那可受不了，他们【可不怕】来日无多。

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拜伦勋爵身着阿尔巴尼亚民族服装的肖像画，托马斯·菲利普斯（Thomas Phillips）1813年作。
1835年复制品存于： 英国伦敦国家肖像画廊（National Portrait Gallery）。
画像表现了诗人的游历和冒险精神，也展现了拜伦那张平静而忧郁的脸。
During Lord Byron’s visit to Janina in southern Albania in 1809, he purchased an Albanian costume in which he sat or rather “stood” for the fashionable portrait painter, Thomas Phillips in the summer of 1813. The three-quarter length portrait titled “Portrait of a Nobleman in the dress of an Albanian” depicts Byron in a crimson and gold velvet jacket with a red and gold and bluish-green striped shawl wound round his head like a turban, a white shirt with a large black jewel in a brooch at his throat and, cradling in his arms, a yataghan or sword with a purple-tinged hilt. The painting was exhibited at the Royal Academy and is now in the British Embassy in Athens. In 1835 and 1840 Phillips painted two copies of the portrait. The first in half-length was given by the artist’s son in 1862 to the National Portrait Gallery in London where it is on permanent display. (frosina.org).

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经过多年的等待，终于有了两枚邮票，可以自制两枚关于拜伦的极限明信片。
1809年，拜伦在剑桥大学毕业，因为贵族世袭制，使得他在上议院获得了议员的资格。(zh.wikipedia.org/拜伦勋爵)

这枚是盖了2020年邮戳的2012年上议院邮票，因为皇家邮政在2020年发行了威斯敏斯特宫邮票。请等待它们出现在威斯敏斯特宫：从皇宫到國會大厦。

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皇家邮政发行的2020年英国诗人邮票包括拜伦在内。只有拜伦诗句《她在美中行》。不能用拜伦本人明信片。这枚独特的明信片恰好印上了《她在美中行》这一句。

《她在美中行》是一首英语抒情诗，外文名称  She Walks in Beauty。作者是英国浪漫主义诗人乔治·戈登·拜伦。这是一首歌颂女性之美的抒情诗，拜伦在Lady Sitwell的家中，在舞会上与其表妹（Lady Anne Beatrix  Wilmot-Horton）相遇，当时这位夫人仍在服丧，穿着 “一件金箔闪烁的黑色孝服” (a mourning dress of spangled black)  。她美丽优雅的仪态，令诗人怦然心动，第二天拜伦便写就了这首脍炙人口的 She Walks in Beauty 。

<她在美中行> ——She Walks in Beauty
She walks in beauty, like the night
    Of cloudless climes and starry skies;
And all that's best of dark and bright
    Meet in her aspect and her eyes
Thus mellow'd to that tender light
    Which heaven to gaudy day denies.

One shade the more, one ray the less,
    Had half impair'd the nameless grace
Which waves in every raven tress,
    Or softly lightens o'er her face;
Where thoughts serenely sweet express
    How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.

And on that cheek, and o'er that brow,
    So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,
The smiles that win, the tints that glow,
    But tell of days in goodness spent,
A mind at peace with all below,
    A heart whose love is innocent!

这是一首歌颂女性美的抒情诗，诗中的女性是诗人的表妹威尔莫特夫人。诗人在这一次的舞会上遇到这位穿着孝服的表妹时为其的美貌所倾倒，遂成此诗。诗人在诗中极尽赞美之能事，仰慕之情跃然笔端，尤其是诗中的一句“One shade the more, one ray the less/Had half impair'd the nameless grace”，颇有“增一分则太长，减一分则太短，着粉则太白，施朱则太赤”的神韵。在诗篇的末尾，诗人笔锋一转，由渲染外表的美丽转向颂扬心灵美，由表及里，深化了主题。(baike.baidu.com)

邮戳是伦敦西敏寺诗人角。诗人角（Poets' Corner），又稱诗人之隅，指的是西敏寺南走道的一段，许多诗人、剧作家和作家的墓碑或紀念碑安置於此。(zh.wikipedia.org/诗人角)

詩人能在西敏寺詩人角竖立纪念碑就成了一种荣誉，詩人角有的紀念碑只是刻在地板上，例如拜伦勋爵。
这是西敏寺诗人角的第一枚邮戳吗？

The memorial stone to George, 6th Baron Byron in Poets' Corner Westminster Abbey was given by the Poetry Society and unveiled on 8th May 1969. It adjoins the memorials to Dylan Thomas, Lewis Carroll and D.H. Lawrence. The white marble stone is inlaid with gold Sienna marble lettering and reads:

LORD BYRON Died 19 April 1824 aged 36 at Missolonghi, Greece.
But there is that within me which shall tire
Torture and Time, and breathe when I expire

He was born on 22nd January 1788 in London, son of Captain John Byron (known as Mad Jack) and his second wife Catherine (Gordon). His ancestor had been rewarded for services to Henry VIII with the gift of Newstead Abbey in Nottinghamshire. His best known poems are probably Childe Harold and Don Juan. After the success of the former work he recalled "I awoke one morning and found myself famous". He had various liasons, notably with Lady Caroline Lamb who wrote that he was "Mad, bad and dangerous to know". But he married Annabella Milbanke. When his marriage failed in 1816 he lived abroad. In 1823 he joined the Greek insurgents but died there of fever. At the request of his family his body was returned to England and is buried in his family vault at Hucknall Torkard in Nottinghamshire, near Newstead. The Dean of Westminster refused burial in the Abbey.  For many years the open profligacy of his life prevented his commemoration in the Abbey. (Westminster-abbey.org)