英国伦敦 西敏寺（Westminster Abbey）

ngsunyu

哥特式建筑风格的威斯敏斯特圣彼得牧师团教堂（The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster），通称西敏寺（Westminster Abbey）位于伦敦市 西敏市區。

ngsunyu

西敏寺是英国君主（从英格兰、不列颠到英聯邦时期）加冕登基的地点。
1066年，哈罗德二世在此加冕，他是第一个在此加冕的国王。1066年的圣诞节，征服者威廉也在此加冕，从此之后一般的英国君主（除了爱德华五世和爱德华八世）都在西敏寺加冕。1300年-1301年，加冕座内置加冕石，加冕座稱為圣愛德華宝座。1308年之后的历次加冕都使用这一座椅。(http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/西敏寺)

ngsunyu

西敏寺是英国君主（从英格兰、不列颠到英聯邦时期）安葬的地点。亨利三世为了纪念爱德华而重建了西敏寺，并将他的遗体埋葬在西敏寺。亨利三世本人也被埋葬在了西敏寺。从此之后大多数的英国君主死后都葬在这里（不过亨利八世和查理一世之后大多数君主都葬在温莎）。苏格兰女王玛丽一世（Mary I of Scotland，Mary Stuart或Stewart，Mary, Queen of Scots，1542年12 月8日－1587年2月 8日）是苏格兰的统治者（在位时间1542年12月14日─1567年7月14日）以及法國王后（1559年7月10日至1560年12月5日）。玛丽最初被埋葬在彼得镇大教堂，但是她的遗体于1612年被她的儿子，英格兰国王詹姆士一世挖掘出来了，迁葬到西敏寺。(http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/玛丽一世_(苏格兰)

ngsunyu

西敏寺内有许多礼拜堂，除了巨大的中殿大堂，在圣坛后还有一个专门为女士而建的小礼拜堂，叫做亨利七世礼拜堂。这是教堂内最珍贵的宝藏，是16世纪都铎王朝的创始人亨利七世下令建造的，将近10年方才建好。礼拜堂的装饰极为华美精细，是英国晚期哥特式装饰风格的杰出代表。礼拜堂扇形的圆拱屋顶以纯白色的石材建造，上面装饰着中古时期骑士勋章图案的彩色旗帜。周围大面积的彩色玻璃窗使人几乎感觉不到墙壁的存在，灿烂的色彩令人目眩神迷。堂内拱券的券肋雕饰密布，精雕细琢，拱顶悬垂下许多漏斗形花饰，极为精巧，仿佛童话仙境一般，精美绝伦，观者无不叹为观止。(site.douban.com)

The 16th-century historian John Leland called the Henry VII Lady Chapel ‘the wonder of the world’ and it continues to inspire wonder amongst those who visit it today. It’s a glorious example of late medieval architecture with a spectacular fan-vaulted ceiling.
It is the burial place of fifteen kings and queens including Elizabeth I, Mary I, Mary Queen of Scots and what is thought to be the remains of Edward V and Richard Duke of York, the "Princes in the Tower". Below the central aisle is the Hanoverian vault where George II and members of his family are buried. The Stuart vault is in the south aisle where Charles II, William III and Mary II, and Queen Anne lie buried.
Henry VII lavished huge sums on his new Lady Chapel, which was begun in 1503 but not completed until 1516, nearly six years after his death. Henry’s imposing tomb at the east end of the chapel has magnificent gilt bronze effigies of the king and his wife, Elizabeth of York, made by the brilliant Florentine Renaissance sculptor, Pietro Torrigiano. The king and queen lie in a vault below their monument, together with James I. The bronze screen is by Thomas Ducheman. Henry's mother Lady Margaret Beaufort also has a tomb designed by Torrigiano in the south aisle. (westminster-abbey.org)

ngsunyu

2018年时我忘了注意英国新邮发行 ( 请参阅 英国新邮：一战终战百年纪念)。 2020年我有了第二次机会。英国国旗 聯合傑克（英語：Union Jack）片票戳三图一致。

The Nave (西敏寺中殿) is at the western end of the Abbey and contains the graves and memorials of many famous people.
When Henry III died in 1272 his magnificent new Gothic Abbey was not complete and so it remained attached to the old Norman nave until building work could begin again in 1376. The master mason was Henry Yevele who followed closely the earlier Gothic style of architecture although the decoration was not as lavish as in the eastern part of the church. So the present nave was nearly 150 years in building and was finally completed in 1517. Flying buttresses on the exterior take the thrust of the walls and this enabled the roof to be raised to a height of 101 feet (31 metres).

The decorated screen leading into the Quire includes a monument to Sir Isaac Newton, who is buried just in front of it. The organ is placed on top of the screen, with cases designed by J.L. Pearson.

Among the famous people buried in the nave are Charles Darwin, David Livingstone, Field Marshal Wade, Major Andre, Thomas Telford, Sir Charles Barry, Clement Attlee and Professor Stephen Hawking. At the west end is the grave of the Unknown Warrior,surrounded by red poppies. This commemorates the many thousands killed in the 1914-1918 war who have no known grave.


The First World War and its aftermath had a significant impact on Westminster Abbey as a place of memorialisation. Even before the end of the war in 1918, the Abbey held special services of remembrance for those who had died, and the burial of the Unknown Warrior in the nave, on 11th November 1920, provided a unique and abiding focus for remembrance within the church.

The grave is covered by a slab of black Belgian marble. On it is the following inscription, composed by Herbert Ryle, Dean of Westminster:
Beneath this stone rests the body
Of a British warrior
Unknown by name or rank
Brought from France to lie among
The most illustrious of the land
And buried here on Armistice Day
11 Nov: 1920, in the presence of
His majesty King George V
His ministers of state
The chiefs of his forces
And a vast concourse of the nation
Thus are commemorated the many
Multitudes who during the great
War of 1914-1918 gave the most that
Man can give life itself
For God
For King and country
For loved ones home and empire
For the sacred cause of justice and
The freedom of the world
They buried him among the kings because he
Had done good toward god and toward
His house (Westminster-abbey.org)

ngsunyu

牛頓之墓位於西敏寺中殿，墓地上方聳立著一尊牛頓的雕像，其石像倚坐在一堆書籍上。身邊有兩位天使，還有一個巨大的地球造型以紀念他在科學上的功績。

英格兰诗人亚历山大·蒲柏為牛頓寫下了以下這段墓誌銘:
“        自然和自然的法则隐藏在黑暗之中。
上帝说：让牛顿出世吧，
于是一切豁然开朗。”
(zh.wikipedia.org/艾萨克·牛顿)

西敏寺中殿的牛頓雕像明信片是准备好了。

邮戳等待英国发行 西敏寺 新邮。 明年，后年，大后年? 没有人知道。希望早于2045年的800年庆。

邮票等待英国发行 西敏寺 新邮 或 用2010年发行的牛顿邮票。 请参阅科学家百人箓 (one hundred most influential scientists of all times) 第 29楼至31楼。

ngsunyu

牛頓之墓位於西敏寺中殿，墓地上方聳立著一尊牛頓的雕像，其石像倚坐在一堆書籍上。身邊有兩位天使，還有一個巨大的地球造型以紀念他在科學上的功績。

英格兰诗人亚历山大·蒲柏為牛頓寫下了以下這段墓誌銘:
“ 自然和自然的法则隐藏在黑暗之中。
上帝说：让牛顿出世吧，
于是一切豁然开朗。”
(zh.wikipedia.org/艾萨克·牛顿)  


《达·芬奇密码》（英語：The Da Vinci Code，港台译《達文西密碼》）中 兰登和蘇菲赶到西敏寺的牛顿墓前，正在思考时，提宾来到了身边。他告诉两人正是他欺骗主业会企图拿到圣杯，从而解开两千年以来的秘密，但提宾仍然需要两人的帮助打开藏密筒。他用枪胁迫两人告诉他打开藏密筒的密码，兰登在一旁拿着藏密筒良久，最终告诉提宾自己无法解开谜团，并把藏密筒扔向空中，提宾为了保住藏密筒放弃了人质蘇菲，但最终藏密筒还是摔在地上遭到损毁。此时伦敦警方赶到，带走了提宾。此时兰登告诉蘇菲其实自己当时已经解开谜团并拿到了当中的纸条。(zh.wikipedia.org/ 達文西密碼 (電影)


2020年伦敦世展延期至2022年。2022年伦敦世展戳。